Arch Linux 个人笔记

sockstack / 119 / 2023-11-15 00:50:59

ChatGPT 可用网址，仅供交流学习使用，如对您有所帮助，请收藏并推荐给需要的朋友。 <a href="https://ckai.xyz/?sockstack&section=detail" target="__blank">https://ckai.xyz</a> <article class="_2rhmJa"><h1>Arch Linux 笔记</h1>
作为少数的几大滚动发行版之一，Arch Linux 一直是很多人在使用的滚动更新的Linux发行版。本人在安装该发行版之后感觉需要留下一点笔记，以备不时之需，顺带分享出来。
<h2>一、下载与制作 U 盘启动盘、启动到 Live 镜像</h2>
这一步的详细操作略过不写，因为下载很简单，制作也就是一个 rufus 小工具或者一个 DD 命令的事，启动项目选择与关闭安全启动相信很多人都会。如若不然，敬请谷歌。
<blockquote>
官方镜像地址： 
<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archlinux.org%2Fdownload%2F" target="_blank">https://www.archlinux.org/download/</a> 
ArchBang Linux 镜像地址（一个在官方镜像基础上加了图形界面的镜像）： 
<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Farchbang%2Ffiles%2F" target="_blank">https://sourceforge.net/projects/archbang/files/</a>
</blockquote>
<h2>二、给Live环境联网</h2>
这里使用官方镜像继续安装。
看到一个 <code>root@archiso</code> 开头的命令行界面表明进入了 Live 环境。默认情况下的键盘布局是 US （英语-美国），不过简体中文用户一般不需要更改键盘布局。进入 Live 环境之后首先需要配置网络，因为 Arch Linux 的安装文件需要从互联网下载。
如果你使用无线网卡，那么首先输入以下命令搜索 WiFi：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">wifi-menu
</code></pre>
</div>
如果你使用有线网络上网，那么你需要接好网线。
运行以下命令通过 DHCP 服务来获取 IP 地址：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">dhcpcd
</code></pre>
</div>
运行这个命令来查看IP地址：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">ip addr
</code></pre>
</div>
如果除了lo以外的设备获取到了IP地址，说明你的网络设置完成了。你可以随意ping一个网站试试网络是否正常。
<h2>三、安装</h2>
<h3>3.1 确认系统启动方式</h3>
首先，输入以下命令检查分区状态（l ，不是大写的 I ）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">fdisk -l
</code></pre>
</div>
如果你的硬盘（一般是 sda 或者 nvme0n1）存在一个 EFI 分区，且磁盘标签类型（Disklable type）为 GPT，那么说明该磁盘上的操作系统使用 EFI 来进行引导；如分区类型为 DOS 且没有 EFI 分区，那么说明该磁盘上的操作系统使用 BIOS 来进行引导。如果使用 UEFI 引导，那么你需要确认你的主板是否支持 UEFI 启动。可以使用以下命令来确认当前 Live 环境是否从 UEFI 启动：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
</code></pre>
</div>
如果上述文件夹存在且存在信息，那么你的主板就能支持 UEFI，且当前 Live 环境是从 UEFI 启动的。
<h3>3.2 准备分区</h3>
Linux 系统对于分区的标识可以参考<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Flts%2Finstallation-guide%2Farmhf%2Fapcs04.html" target="_blank">这篇文章</a>，新型的 NVME 固态硬盘则以 <code>nvme</code>开头进行标识。。改动分区可以使用 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FFdisk" target="_blank"><code>fdisk</code></a> 、 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FParted" target="_blank"><code>Parted</code></a> 等工具来进行，也可以在 Windows 下使用 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diskgenius.cn%2F" target="_blank">DiskGenius</a> 、在图形化 Live 环境里面使用 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2F%3Fname%3Dgnome-disk-utility" target="_blank">Gnome 分区工具</a> 、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2F%3Fname%3Dpartitionmanager" target="_blank">KDE 分区工具</a> 等工具来完成分区。
完成分区之后需要把分区格式化。在 Linux 下，分区的格式化由 mkfs 开头的几个程序完成，Linux 操作系统的主分区可以使用 ext4、xfs、Btrfs、F2FS（仅适用于固态硬盘） 等格式一般来说，Linux 操作系统需要一个根分区即可使用。不过为了数据安全，你也可以考虑单独划分一个 Home 分区。UEFI 下启动系统还需要一个格外的 EFI 分区（ESP）。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4
</code></pre>
</div>
把刚刚格式化的分区作为主分区进行挂载：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt
</code></pre>
</div>
格式化 EFI 分区（该步骤非必须操作，一般只在新建 ESP 的时候才运行）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">mkfs.vfat /dev/nvme0n1p1
</code></pre>
</div>
挂载EFI分区到 <code>/boot/efi</code> 目录（仅 UEFI 启动需要）:
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>3.3 准备软件源</h3>
我们需要修改软件源以选择最快的服务器，使用 nano 或者 vim 打开软件源配置文件：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
</code></pre>
</div>
在文件开头加上至少一个中国的软件源，不过建议多添加几个：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-conf"><code class="conf language-conf">## 中国的软件源
## 腾讯
Server = https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
## 阿里云
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
## 清华大学
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
## 华为
Server = https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
</code></pre>
</div>
保存退出。
<h3>3.4 安装系统</h3>
开始安装基本包。其安装包下载速度取决于你的网络与软件源配置，等命令结束之后即可进行下一步：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware
</code></pre>
</div>
上面的 <code>linux</code>是默认的内核包，它会紧随 Linux 官方的最新版本。如果你需要使用长期支持版内核请将其替换为 <code>linux-lts</code>这个包。
生成自动挂载分区的fstab文件（必须步骤），执行以下命令：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">genfstab -L /mnt &gt; /mnt/etc/fstab
</code></pre>
</div>
校验文件是否生成：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">cat /mnt/etc/fstab
</code></pre>
</div>
其内容一般包含你设置的 Linux 系统的所有的分区。
然后，我们使用 arch-chroot 进入刚刚配置的新系统，以便进行一些初始化设置。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">arch-chroot /mnt
</code></pre>
</div>
安装 nano 文件编辑器：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacman -S nano
</code></pre>
</div>
设置时区并保存配置：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
</code></pre>
</div>
修改 root 密码
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">passwd root
</code></pre>
</div>
设置 locale，使用 nano 编辑 <code>/etc/locale.gen</code> ，取消 <code>zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8</code> 、<code>zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8</code> 、<code>en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8</code> 这三个选项的注释。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">nano /etc/locale.gen
</code></pre>
</div>
保存好，退出，然后运行：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">locale-gen
</code></pre>
</div>
新建或者编辑 <code>/etc/locale.conf</code> 文件，输入 <code>LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8</code> 然后保存，或者使用以下命令达到一样的效果。不过，如果不使用图形界面则需要把本地设置改为 <code>LANG=en_US.UTF-8</code> ,这是为了 TTY 始终以英文显示（在 TTY 下，中文会显示成一个个方块或者方框）。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">echo 'LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' &gt; /etc/locale.conf
</code></pre>
</div>
新建一个 <code>/etc/hostname</code> 文件，用于保存主机名。在文件里面直接输入你想要的主机名即可。同样的，使用 <code>echo</code> 命令也能达到一样的效果。
编辑 <code>/etc/hosts</code> 文件，设置<code>localhost</code>本地回环 IP 与你的主机 IP（替换下面的 hostname 为你自己设置的主机名）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 hostname.localdomain hostname
</code></pre>
</div>
接下来需要安装一些软件以便启动到新系统。
安装 Intel-ucode（这个包是 Intel 平台需要，AMD 平台有自己的 ucode）。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacman -S intel-ucode
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>3.5 安装启动管理器</h3>
安装基本程序：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacman -S os-prober grub efibootmgr
</code></pre>
</div>
安装 Grub 启动管理器：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ArchLinux
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</code></pre>
</div>
如果没有报错，那么引导安装完成。
<h3>3.6 安装其它基础软件包</h3>
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacman -S vim nano openssh wget curl dialog wpa_supplicant ntfs-3g networkmanager dnsutils
</code></pre>
</div>
上述的软件包安装完成之后我们需要配置图形化界面。
<h2>四、配置图形化环境</h2>
<h3>4.1 桌面环境</h3>
Linux 下有多种图形界面环境，不过本人喜欢使用 KDE 桌面，所以操作如下：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">pacman -S xorg plasma kdebase kdeadmin kdegraphics kdeutils sddm sddm-kcm qt5-translations xf86-video-intel
</code></pre>
</div>
开启sddm登录管理器服务：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">systemctl enable sddm
</code></pre>
</div>
如果你使用虚拟机，难么可能还需要 haveged 这个软件包以提供系统加密所需的随机数。安装之后开启服务：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">systemctl enable haveged
</code></pre>
</div>
浏览器可以使用 Firefox、Chromium 或者 Falkon ，这些都可以直接使用 pacman 安装。接下来，我们需要启用 NetworkManager 服务以便让桌面环境管理网络。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">systemctl enable NetworkManager
</code></pre>
</div>
绝大部分桌面默认不支持 root 账户登录，而且使用 root 账户进行日常操作也不安全，因此我们需要新建一个账户来使用图形界面。
使用以下命令来创建一个名为 username 的用户（请自行替换 username 为你的用户名）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">useradd -m -G wheel username
</code></pre>
</div>
给新用户设置密码：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">passwd username
</code></pre>
</div>
你可以更改 sudo 设置，使得 wheel 组或者单个用户可以通过 sudo 命令临时调用 root 权限:
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">nano /etc/sudoers
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>4.2 大黄蜂方案</h3>
<h3>大黄蜂（Bumblebee）独立显卡方案（适用于笔记本）</h3>
如果你使用只有集显的笔记本可以跳过这段。如果你使用 Intel + NVIDIA 显卡的笔记本电脑，那么你需要这个方案。因为你如果不这么做则可能会导致一系列问题，这些问题包括但是不限于注销之后无法登录、无法关机或者开关电脑缓慢等问题。
安装：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S bumblebee xf86-video-nouveau
</code></pre>
</div>
安装大黄蜂之后独显就会被设置成用户手动启用的状态，也能解决开关机缓慢的问题。不过，为了更好的性能，你可以使用闭源的官方驱动（安装闭源驱动前如果安装了开源驱动，那么你需要事先将其卸载）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S bumblebee mesa nvidia nvidia-settings
</code></pre>
</div>
必须要注意，nvidia 这个包包含的仅仅是较新版本显卡的驱动。如果你的设备比较陈旧，请参考<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FNVIDIA_%28%25E7%25AE%2580%25E4%25BD%2593%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%2596%2587%29%23" target="_blank">NVIDIA驱动</a>来安装对应版本的驱动。同时，如果你启用了32位库，你还需要安装32位的包。
不管使用了哪个版本的驱动，安装完成之后都需要把当前用户添加到大黄蜂的用户组里面：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo gpasswd -a username bumblebee
</code></pre>
</div>
开启大黄蜂的后台服务：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo systemctl enable bumblebeed
</code></pre>
</div>
在大黄蜂（Bumblebee）独立显卡方案下，你可以根据需要手动让一些高显卡需求的应用（比如视频渲染，游戏等）指定使用独立显卡的 GPU 来运行，具体的可以参见官方文库。 比如，使用这个命令来打开 NVIDIA 设置（仅限于官方驱动）（仅能在桌面环境下使用）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">optirun -b none nvidia-settings -c :8
</code></pre>
</div>
如果需要测试下手动调用独显处理内容，那么可以使用以下命令（仅能在桌面环境下使用）：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S mesa-demos
sudo optirun glxgears -info
</code></pre>
</div>
效果：
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 431px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 61.44%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1398" data-height="859"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-3447b61eed0ffd4f.png" data-original-width="1398" data-original-height="859" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="335545" data-image-index="0" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">使用独立显卡 GPU 处理 3D 图像</div>
</div>
退出 Chroot 环境，输入<code>reboot</code>命令执行重启。重启之后你应该可以登录桌面了。
<h3>4.3 配置字体与输入</h3>
安装字体与 Fcitx 输入框架：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S fcitx-libpinyin kcm-fcitx fcitx-im noto-fonts noto-fonts-extra noto-fonts-emoji noto-fonts-cjk ttf-dejavu
</code></pre>
</div>
如果想修改全局设置就改动 <code>/etc/environment</code> ，如果想更改单个用户的设置就新建或者修改 <code>~/.pam_environment</code> 文件，然后在开头添加以下内容：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
</code></pre>
</div>
打开系统设置，找到<code>区域设置 &gt; 语言</code>，添加简体中文，保存。然后在格式区域里面选择“中国-简体中文（zh_CN）”，保存。
然后我们需要配置字体，刚刚我们已经安装好了思源字体。思源字体是由 Google 与 Adobe 联合主导的开源汉字字体项目，目前有思源黑体与思源宋体这两个项目。在 Arch Linux 下同时提供了由 Google 打包的版本（显示为 Noto 字样开头的字体）与 Adobe 打包的版本（显示为“思源”字样开头的字体）。在这里以 Google 打包的版本为例，由于思源字体包含了中国大陆、中国香港、中国台湾、日本与韩国五个地区的汉字版本。一般来说，因此我们必须通过字体配置文件来指定优先使用的字体版本。
不同版本的汉字使用者的需求不一样，以下是以中国大陆版本的字体版本为例子，新建<code>/etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-language-selector-prefer.conf</code>文件：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-xml"><code class="xml language-xml">&lt;?xml version="1.0"?&gt;
&lt;!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"&gt;
&lt;fontconfig&gt;
 &lt;alias&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;sans-serif&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;prefer&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans CJK SC&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans CJK HK&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans CJK TW&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans CJK JP&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans CJK KR&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Adlam&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Adlam Unjoined&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Anatolian Hieroglyphs&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Armenian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Avestan&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Balinese&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Bamum&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Batak&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Bengali&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Brahmi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Buginese&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Buhid&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Carian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Chakma&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Cham&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Cherokee&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Coptic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Cuneiform&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Cypriot&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Deseret&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Devanagari&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Egyptian Hieroglyphs&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Ethiopic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Georgian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Glagolitic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Gothic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Gujarati&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Gurmukhi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Hanunoo&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Hebrew&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Javanese&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Kaithi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Kannada&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Kayah Li&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Kharoshthi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Khmer&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Lao&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Lepcha&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Limbu&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Linear B&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Lisu&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Lycian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Lydian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Malayalam&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mandaic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Meetei Mayek&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mongolian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Myanmar&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Nabataean&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans New Tai Lue&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans NKo&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Ogham&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Ol Chiki&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Old Italic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Old North Arabian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Old Persian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Old South Arabian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Old Turkic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Oriya&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Osage&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Osmanya&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Phags Pa&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Phoenician&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Rejang&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Runic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Samaritan&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Saurashtra&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Shavian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Sinhala&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Sundanese&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Syloti Nagri&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Symbols&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Syriac Eastern&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Syriac Western&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tagalog&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tagbanwa&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tai Le&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tai Tham&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tai Viet&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tamil&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Telugu&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Thaana&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Thai&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tibetan&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Tifinagh&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Ugaritic&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Vai&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Yi&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Color Emoji&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;EmojiOne&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;/prefer&gt;
 &lt;/alias&gt;
 &lt;!--Sans fonts configuration finished--&gt;
 &lt;alias&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;serif&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;prefer&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif CJK SC&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif CJK TW&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif CJK JP&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif CJK KR&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Ahom&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Armenian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Bengali&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Devanagari&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Georgian&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Gujarati&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Kannada&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Khmer&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Lao&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Malayalam&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Tamil&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Telugu&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Serif Thai&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Color Emoji&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;EmojiOne&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;/prefer&gt;
 &lt;/alias&gt;
 &lt;!--Serif fonts configuration finished--&gt;
 &lt;alias&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;monospace&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;prefer&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono CJK SC&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono CJK HK&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono CJK TW&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono CJK JP&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Sans Mono CJK KR&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;Noto Color Emoji&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;family&gt;EmojiOne&lt;/family&gt;
 &lt;/prefer&gt;
 &lt;/alias&gt;
 &lt;!--MonoSpace fonts configuration finished--&gt;
&lt;/fontconfig&gt;

</code></pre>
</div>
保存文件。若<code>/etc/fonts</code>目录下有 <code>conf.d</code> 目录，则在该目录中创建指向 <code>/etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-language-selector-prefer.conf</code> 的同名软链接：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo ln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/64-language-selector-prefer.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/64-language-selector-prefer.conf
</code></pre>
</div>
最后刷新字体缓存：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">fc-cache --force --verbose
</code></pre>
</div>
进入桌面或者应用软件自身的字体设置，把默认字体设置为 Noto Sans，一般不建议直接设置字体为中文字体。Mono（等宽）字体可以设置为 Noto Sans Mono（注意不是 Noto Mono）。
home 目录默认没有我们常见的几个文件夹，如果需要，那么打开终端，输入以下命令以生成在 home 目录的几个默认文件夹：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S xdg-user-dirs
xdg-user-dirs-update --force
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>4.3 蓝牙</h3>
如果你的电脑有蓝牙，那么你需要开启蓝牙服务：
安装蓝牙管理的相关包：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S bluez-utils bluez
</code></pre>
</div>
然后开启服务：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo systemctl enable bluetooth
sudo systemctl start bluetooth
</code></pre>
</div>
系统的基本安装到此结束。
<h3>4.4 Arch Linux CN 软件源（可选步骤）</h3>
Arch Linux CN 软件源是国内爱好者的一个项目，提供了一些中文软件（比如 WPS 、网易云音乐等）。本人写过一篇在 Manjaro 上使用该软件源的方法，不过，由于 Arch Linux 没有 Manjaro 那样的 Pacman GUI 前端，我们需要使用命令行来解决一切问题。
进入 Pacman 的服务器列表目录
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">cd /etc/pacman.d/
</code></pre>
</div>
然后我们从 Arch Linux CN 软件源的 GitHub 上下载服务器列表。输入以下命令：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/archlinuxcn/mirrorlist-repo/master/archlinuxcn-mirrorlist
</code></pre>
</div>
默认情况下，该列表没有开启任何的服务器。我们需要编辑一下，启用至少一个服务器：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo nano archlinuxcn-mirrorlist
</code></pre>
</div>
推荐清华大学与腾讯云的源，当然具体使用那个因情况而定。如果你在国外建议使用官方 CDN 源。
保存之后，我们需要编辑 Pacman 的设置文件：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf
</code></pre>
</div>
在该文件末尾加上：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">[archlinuxcn]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/archlinuxcn-mirrorlist
</code></pre>
</div>
保存之后，我们需要刷新软件库，然后安装 Arch Linux CN 源的密钥包：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring
</code></pre>
</div>
然后你就可以安装网易云音乐与 WPS 这样的软件了。
本段参考： 
1、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.viseator.com%2F2017%2F05%2F19%2Farch_setup%2F" target="_blank">https://www.viseator.com/2017/05/19/arch_setup/</a> 
2、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FHaveged" target="_blank">Haveged</a> 
3、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FKde" target="_blank">Arch Linux 关于 KDE 的说明</a> 
4、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FLocalization%2FSimplified_Chinese_%28%25E7%25AE%2580%25E4%25BD%2593%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%2596%2587%29%23%25E5%259F%25BA%25E6%259C%25AC%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2594%25AF%25E6%258C%2581" target="_blank">Arch Linux 文档关于简体中文的设置</a> 
5、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FBumblebee_%28%25E7%25AE%2580%25E4%25BD%2593%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E6%2596%2587%29%23" target="_blank">Arch Linux 关于 bumblebee 的说明</a> 
6、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.archlinux.org%2Findex.php%2FSddm" target="_blank">SDDM</a> 
7、<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNoto_fonts" target="_blank">维基百科上关于 Noto Fonts 的信息</a>
推荐浏览： 
1、<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/7b187c515d77" target="_blank">https://www.jianshu.com/p/7b187c515d77</a> 
2、<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/d367f0f8a0f9" target="_blank">关于思源字体</a>
<h2>五、界面美化（可选步骤）</h2>
<h3>5.1 统一 GTK 与 Qt 程序的外观</h3>
从 Arch Linux CN 源里面安装 <code>tela-icon-theme-git</code> 这个包，从而获取新的图标，然后在 <code>系统设置 &gt; 图标</code> 里面应用。注意，该图标包提供多个主基调颜色的图标。
然后转到 <code>系统设置 &gt; 应用程序风格</code> ，再转到 <code>GNOME/GTK 应用程序风格</code> ，把 GTK 主题全部设置为 <code>Breeze</code> ，把 GTK 的图标包设置为与 KDE 所使用的一致。
光标主题也应该设置为一样，在 <code>系统设置 &gt; 工作空间主题</code> 里面与 <code>GNOME/GTK 应用程序风格</code> 里面设置同样的鼠标光标。
<h3>5.2 桌面特效</h3>
打开 <code>系统设置 &gt; 桌面行为</code> ，在 <code>屏幕特效</code> 里面打开 <code>魔灯</code> 效果；然后转到 <code>系统设置 &gt; 应用程序风格 &gt; 部件风格</code> ，接着配置 <code>微风</code> 的部件样式，给菜单使用一定的透明度。
<h3>5.3 pacman 的彩色输出</h3>
编辑 <code>/etc/pacman.conf</code> ,去掉 <code>color</code> 那一项目的注释。这样，pacman 就会以彩色输出结果，以免某些时候烟花缭乱。
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 468px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 66.82000000000001%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1552" data-height="1037"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-9d81855fe75b7c7a.png" data-original-width="1552" data-original-height="1037" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="262269" data-image-index="1" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">截图</div>
</div>
<h2>六、软件安装（可选步骤）</h2>
<h3>6.1 腾讯 TIM</h3>
该软件的一些资料来源于 Deepin 系统项目组的努力，是他们通过 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winehq.org%2F" target="_blank">Wine</a> 项目给我们带来了在 Linux 上使用 Windows 软件的可能性。该软件需要从 AUR 安装。首先，我们安装 AUR 的管理工具 <code>yay</code>：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S yay
</code></pre>
</div>
我们需要启用 32 位仓库来安装 Wine，在 <code>/etc/pacman.conf</code> 里面把 <code>multilib</code> 启用，然后刷新软件库信息，最后安装 Wine：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">sudo pacman -S wine wine-mono wine_gecko
</code></pre>
</div>
安装完成之后，我们从 AUR 安装 TIM ：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">yay -S deepin-wine-tim
</code></pre>
</div>
安装之时必须注意程序的提示，然后等待安装完成即可。安装完成之后点击程序列表里面的 TIM 图标，TIM 的安装向导会自动运行，注意，在这里把添加快捷方式与开机启动都去掉。
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 637px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 90.99000000000001%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="832" data-height="757"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-a3cc9fbff56d23f5.png" data-original-width="832" data-original-height="757" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="474731" data-image-index="2" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">TIM.png</div>
</div>
如果使用高分辨率屏幕，那么运行以下命令以设置 DPI，100% 之时的 DPI 是 96，因此，所需要的 DPI 请自己计算。笔者的屏幕缩放是 1.5 ，所以把 DPI 设置为 144.
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">env WINEPREFIX="$HOME/.deepinwine/Deepin-TIM" winecfg
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 529px; max-height: 564px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 106.62%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="529" data-height="564"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-26996fd74b9810cb.png" data-original-width="529" data-original-height="564" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="44153" data-image-index="3" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190519_205222.png</div>
</div>
同时记得修改文件夹映射，否则程序可能工作不正常。
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 738px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 105.33999999999999%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="730" data-height="769"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-05addf3581d6926e.png" data-original-width="730" data-original-height="769" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="76614" data-image-index="4" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190709_080002.png</div>
</div>
本段参考：
<ol>
<li><a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Faur.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fdeepin-wine-tim%2F" target="_blank">AUR上 的安装包页面</a></li>
<li><a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcountstarlight%2Fdeepin-wine-tim-arch%2F" target="_blank">打包者的 GitHub 主页</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcountstarlight%2Fdeepin-wine-tim-arch%2Fissues%2F1" target="_blank">HiDPI 设置</a> 
4.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcountstarlight%2Fdeepin-wine-tim-arch%2Freleases" target="_blank">开发者打包好的安装包</a>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>6.2 网易云音乐</h3>
该软件有原生 Linux 版本，可以直接从 Arch Linux CN 源安装：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-sh"><code class="sh language-sh">yay -S netease-cloud-music
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>6.3 网页浏览器</h3>
直接用 pacman 安装即可。不过，为 KDE 优化的 Firefox 需要从 AUR 或者 Arch Linux CN 源安装。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">yay -S firefox-kde-opensuse
</code></pre>
</div>
或者
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">yay -S firefox-kde-opensuse-bin
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3>6.4 微信</h3>
与 TIM 一样，微信也是在 WINE 下的 Windows 程序。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">yay -S deepin-wine-wechat
</code></pre>
</div>
与 TIM 一样，安装完成之后也需要根据自己的需要修改映射文件夹与 DPI 设置。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">env WINEPREFIX="$HOME/.deepinwine/Deepin-WeChat" winecfg 
</code></pre>
</div>
本段参考： 
1.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Faur.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fdeepin-wine-tim%2F" target="_blank">AUR 上的安装包网页</a> 
2.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcountstarlight%2Fdeepin-wine-wechat-arch%2Freleases" target="_blank">开发者打包好的安装包</a>
<h3>6.5 其他操作</h3>
clash 这个包是个好东西，ClashY 这个 AppImage 也是个好东西。
<h2>七. 硬件解码加速</h2>
Linux 平台支持硬件解码加速，其中以 Intel HD 显卡平台为最佳。不过，一个惨烈的现实是目前没有一个网页浏览器的官方版本是支持 Linux 下的硬件解码加速的，我们只能安装第三方开发者的 chromium-vaapi 来使用硬件解码加速功能。 
首先安装硬件加速驱动。Intel 平台需要以下两个驱动之一，具体的可以参考 Arch Linux Wiki：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">yay -S intel-media-driver # Intel 芯片六代以及六代以上推荐使用此驱动
</code></pre>
</div>
或者
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">yay -S libva-intel-driver # Intel 芯片六代以及六代以下（不含六代）推荐使用此驱动
</code></pre>
</div>
安装 <a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2F%3Fname%3Dlibva-utils" target="_blank">libva-utils</a> 
这个软件包，然后使用<code>vainfo</code>来检查下硬件加速信息。
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 442px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 63.07000000000001%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1454" data-height="917"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-c11a20e083fc016f.png" data-original-width="1454" data-original-height="917" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="258517" data-image-index="5" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190721_090836.png</div>
</div>



VLC 播放器、MPV 以及基于 MPV 的播放器（如 SMplayer ）对硬件解码加速支持最好。如：<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 394px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 56.25%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-d29a7a81c9f45fcd.png" data-original-width="1920" data-original-height="1080" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="999632" data-image-index="6" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190720_202716.png</div>
</div>
至于在浏览器方面就没的选了，只能安装 chromium-vaapi（AUR）或者 chromium-vaapi-bin （AUR）之一，前者是从代码自己编译，后者是已经编译好了的安装包。
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">sudo pacman -S chromium-vaapi ##这个命令会从 Arch Linux CN 源安装该浏览器
</code></pre>
</div>
也可以直接下载编译好了的安装包来安装：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">sudo pacman -U chromium-vaapi-&lt;版本号&gt;-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
</code></pre>
</div>
安装完成之后打开 Chromium，输入 <code>chrome://flags</code>，然后启用 <code>ignore-gpu-blacklist</code>。
然后编辑配置文件：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-bash"><code class="bash language-bash">nano ~/.config/chromium-flags.conf
</code></pre>
</div>
在里面输入：
<div class="_2Uzcx_">
<button class="VJbwyy" type="button" aria-label="复制代码"><svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" class="" data-icon="copy" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M832 64H296c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8v56c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h496v688c0 4.4 3.6 8 8 8h56c4.4 0 8-3.6 8-8V96c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM704 192H192c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32v530.7c0 8.5 3.4 16.6 9.4 22.6l173.3 173.3c2.2 2.2 4.7 4 7.4 5.5v1.9h4.2c3.5 1.3 7.2 2 11 2H704c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V224c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32zM350 856.2L263.9 770H350v86.2zM664 888H414V746c0-22.1-17.9-40-40-40H232V264h432v624z"></path></svg></button><pre class="line-numbers language-conf"><code class="conf language-conf">--enable-accelerated-mjpeg-decode
--enable-accelerated-video
</code></pre>
</div>
重启 Chromium 浏览器，打开一个高清视频试试吧。以下是 chromium-vaapi 与一个没有硬件加速的浏览器的对比：
 
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 394px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 56.25%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-c550987a2dbb6774.png" data-original-width="1920" data-original-height="1080" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="772419" data-image-index="7" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190720_201028.png</div>
</div>
<div class="image-package">
<div class="image-container" style="max-width: 700px; max-height: 394px;">
<div class="image-container-fill" style="padding-bottom: 56.25%;"></div>
<div class="image-view" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" data-original-src="//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/3711387-0ecfad8246fddc8b.png" data-original-width="1920" data-original-height="1080" data-original-format="image/png" data-original-filesize="1014776" data-image-index="8" style="cursor: zoom-in;" class="image-loading"></div>
</div>
<div class="image-caption">Screenshot_20190720_201301.png</div>
</div>
如果需要播放加密内容，那么你需要从 AUR 安装 <code>chromium-widevine</code> 这个包。但是，安装这个包需要从谷歌下载许可协议的文本，so你懂的。
本段参考： 
1.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Faur.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fchromium-vaapi%2F" target="_blank">chromium-vaapi</a> 
2.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Faur.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fchromium-vaapi-bin%2F" target="_blank">chromium-vaapi-bin</a> 
3.<a href="https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fpkgbuild.com%2F%7Emaximbaz%2Frepo%2F" target="_blank">开发者打包好的安装包</a>
</article>

Arch Linux 个人笔记

作者

sockstack

许可协议

CC BY 4.0

发布于

2023-11-15

修改于

2024-05-08

上一篇：软件：常用 Linux 软件汇总，值得收藏下一篇：flutter 更新 3.9.0遇到的问题

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